muscular control of movement -k8凯发

types of muscles
1. smooth muscle (blood vessel/organs)
2. cardiac muscle (heart)
3. skeletal muscle (muscle for movement)
muscle fiber - the muscle cell
1. nearly invisible to the naked eye
2. sarcoplasm contains high glucose and myoglobin
3. surrounded by the plasma membrane (sarcolemma)
4. t-tubules are extensive network that runs laterally through the muscle fiber
5. sarcoplasmic reticulum are extensive network thar runs longitudinally
the structure and function of skeletal muscle
1. the muscle fiber
2. the myofibril
3. fiber muscle action
sliding filament theory
1. impulse arrives at neuromuscular junction
  1. * ca2 released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
  2. * ca2 attach to troponin, causing it to move
  3. * tropomyosin moves
  4. * myosin binding sites are exposed
2. attachment
  1. * myosin heads bind to actin
  2. * forming cross-bridges
  3. * adp, pi are released from myosin head
3. power stroke
  1. * myosin heads nod forward
  2. * pulling actin filament over myosin
4. detachment
  1. * atp binds to myosin head
  2. * cross bridge 'breaks'
  3. * myosin detaches from actin
5. energy released
  1. * atp is broken down to adp, pi
  2. * by atpase on myosin heads
  3. * head returns to upright position
6. atp is used to actively transport ca2 back to sarcoplasmic reticulum
use of muscles
requirements for large muscle development
1. proper nutrition
2. resistance training
3. genetics
4. hormonal secretion levels
  1. * testosterone
  2. * androgens
classes of muscle
1. agonists (prime mover)
2. antagonists (opposer)
3. synergists (assistant)
4. arm flexion
  1. * biceps & triceps brachii
  2. * brachialis
generation of force
1. number of motor unit
2. types of motor unit
3. size of the muscle
4. angle of joint
5. stretch reflex
types of muscles fiber
slow twitch
1. aerobic
2. continuous energy
3. fires slowly
4. extend muscle contraction
5. marathoners
types of contraction
1. * concentric
2. * static
3. * eccentric
types of movement
1. * agonist
2. * antagonist
3. * synergists
fast twitch
1. anaerobic
2. shor burst of speed
3. fires rapidly
4. fatigue quickly
5. sprinters